市大数学教室

大阪市立大学数学研究所
(Osaka City University Advanced Mathematical Institute)
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Friday Seminar on Knot Theory(2008年度)
2007年度 2009年度
2008年度組織委員 田中利史



講 演 者 :Jean-Baptiste Meilhan (Grenoble University)
タ イ ト ル :On finite type (concordance) invariants of string links
(joint work with Akira Yasuhara and Tomoaki Sase)
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :2月20日(金)16:10~17:10
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :門上 晃久(大連理工大学)
タ イ ト ル :An integral invariant from the knot group
(joint work with Zhiqing Yang (Dalian University of Technology))
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :2月20日(金)15:00~16:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :比嘉 隆二 (神戸大学)
タ イ ト ル :Tangle sum of alternating tangles yielding a splittable link
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :2月6日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :森内 博正 (大阪市立大学数学研究所(OCAMI))
タ イ ト ル :An enumeration of non-prime theta-curves and handcuff graphs
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :1月30日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :下川航也 (埼玉大学)
タ イ ト ル :Site-specific recombination of DNA and Dehn surgery
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :1月23日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :Andrei Pajitnov (Univ. de Nantes)
タ イ ト ル :On the Morse-Novikov number and the tunnel number of knots
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :12月19日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :井上 歩 (東京工業大学)
タ イ ト ル :Quandle and hyperbolic volume
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :12月12日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :川村 友美 (名古屋大学大学院多元数理科学研究科)
タ イ ト ル :An estimate of the Rasmussen invariant for links
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :12月5日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :中村拓司 (大阪電気通信大学)
タ イ ト ル :Local moves and Periodic knots
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :11月28日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
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講 演 者 :佐藤 進 (神戸大学)
タ イ ト ル :Triviality of 2-knot with three sheets
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :11月21日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :金信 泰造 (大阪市立大学)
タ イ ト ル :H(2)-unknotting number of a knot
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :11月14日(金)15:30~16:30
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :大城佳奈子 (広島大学 日本学術振興会特別研究員(DC1))
タ イ ト ル :Estimate of minimal triple point numbers of surface-links by symmetric quandle cocycles
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :11月7日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :市原一裕 (奈良教育大学)
タ イ ト ル :Seifert fibered surgeries on Montesinos knots
(based on joint works with In Dae Jong and Shigeru Mizushima)
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :10月31日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :福本善洋 (鳥取環境大学)
タ イ ト ル :Brieskornホモロジー球面の幾つかの無限族に対するBounding genusについて
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :10月24日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :山本 亮介 (大阪市立大学数学研究所)
タ イ ト ル :An invariant of fibered knots from the third Johnson-Morita
homomorphism of mapping class group
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :10月17日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :門上晃久 (大連理工大学)
タ イ ト ル :Twisted Alexander invariants of groups
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :10月10日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :河内 明夫 (大阪市立大学)
タ イ ト ル :The warping degree and the unknotting number of a spatial graph
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :10月3日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :田中利史 (大阪市立大学数学研究所(OCAMI))
タ イ ト ル :Signed Gordian distance and Jones polynomials
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :7月11日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :丹下 基生 (京都大学数理解析研究所)
タ イ ト ル :The alternating condition by Ozsvath and Szabo, and the wave theorem
by Homma, Ochiai, and Takahashi
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :6月27日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :安井弘一 (大阪大学大学院理学研究科)
タ イ ト ル :Elliptic surfaces without 1-handles
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :6月20日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :岸本健吾 (大阪市立大学大学院理学研究科)
タ イ ト ル :The dealternating number and the alternation number of a closed 3-braid
(joint work with Tetsuya Abe (Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University))
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :6月13日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :田中 心 (東京学芸大学)
タ イ ト ル :A categorification of the one-variable Kamada-Miyazawa polynomial
(joint work with Atsushi ISHII (RIMS, Kyoto University))
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :6月6日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :Daniel Moskovich (大阪市立大学数学研究所(OCAMI))
タ イ ト ル :Towards surgery presentations of metabelian coloured knots and their covering links
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :5月30日(金)15:00~16:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :鄭 仁大 (大阪市立大学大学院理学研究科)
タ イ ト ル :On a characterization of the Alexander polynomials of alternating knots of genus two
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :5月23日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :安部哲哉 (大阪市立大学大学院理学研究科)
タ イ ト ル :On the Turaev genus
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :5月16日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :Tamas Kalman (東京大学大学院数理科学研究科)
タ イ ト ル :The problem of maximum Thurston-Bennequin number for knots
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :5月9日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :門上晃久 (大連理工大学)
タ イ ト ル :Numerical invariants from knot groups
(joint work with Ruifeng Qiu (Dalian University of Technology)
and Zhiqing Yang (Dalian University of Technology))
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :5月9日(金)15:00~16:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :田山育男 (大阪市立大学数学研究所(OCAMI))
タ イ ト ル :A complete classification of 3-manifolds with lengths up to 9 by a canonical order
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :5月2日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :佐久間 一浩 (近畿大学理工学部)
タ イ ト ル :A question on the special values of Alexander polynomials
 which detect the smooth structure on spheres
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :4月25日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :岩切雅英 (大阪市立大学数学研究所(OCAMI))
タ イ ト ル :Calculation of quandle cocycle invariants of Suzuki's $\theta_n$-curves
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :4月18日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop
講 演 者 :田中利史 (大阪市立大学数学研究所(OCAMI))
タ イ ト ル :The quasipositivation number of a knot
(アブストラクト) (PDF)
日 時 :4月11日(金)16:00~17:00
場 所 :数学 第3セミナー室(3153)
Toptop



アブストラクト集



講 演 者: Jean-Baptiste Meilhan (Grenoble University)
タ イ ト ル: On finite type (concordance) invariants of string links
(joint work with Akira Yasuhara and Tomoaki Sase)

A $C_n$-move is a local move on links defined by Habiro and Goussarov, which can be regarded as a `higher order crossing change', and which gives a complete topological characterization of the informations contained by Goussarov-Vassiliev (or finite type) knots invariants: two knots cannot be distinguished by finite type invariants of degree $<n$ if and only if they are related by a finite sequence of $C_n$-moves.
The analogous statement is known to be false for links in general, but it is conjecturally true for string links, which are certain links with boundary.
This conjecture is partly supported by the fact that Milnor invariants, which are invariants (of both links and string links) generalizing the linking number, are of finite type only for string links.
In this talk, we will classify $l$-component string links up to $C_n$-move for $n\le 5$, by explicitely giving complete sets of low degree finite type invariants. In addition to Milnor invariants, these include several `new' string link invariants constructed by evaluating knot invariants on certain closure of (cabled) string links.
We also give similar results for concordance finite type invariants.

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講 演 者: 門上 晃久(大連理工大学)
タ イ ト ル: An integral invariant from the knot group
(joint work with Zhiqing Yang (Dalian University of Technology))

This is a developed version of the talk in 9 May, 2008 entitled ``Numerical invariants from knot groups".
Let $K$ be a knot in $S3$, $G(K)$ the knot group of $K$, and $G'(K)$ the commutator subgroup of $G(K)$. Then an invariant, denoted by $a(K)$, is the minimum number of elements which generate $G'(K)$ normally in $G(K)$. We named the invariant the {\it Ma-Qiu index} or the {\it MQ index} of $K$.

Let $K_{p,q}$ be the connected sum of the $(2, p)$-torus knot and the $(2, q)$-torus knot. Then our main theorem is that the following three statements are equivalent: (1) $\gcd(p, q)=1$ (2) $m(K_{p,q})=1$ (3) $a(K_{p,q})=1$, where $m(K)$ is the Nakanishi index of $K$.
We proved the equivalence of (1) and (2) by a commutative ring theoretical method, and that of (1) and (3) by a combinatorial group theoretical method.

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講 演 者: 比嘉 隆二 (神戸大学)
タ イ ト ル: Tangle sum of alternating tangles yielding a splittable link

We consider the problem to decide whether a given diagram represents a splittable link. Menasco introduced crossing ball argument to prove this problem for the case of alternating diagrams. In this talk, we give a survey of crossing ball argument and study what kind of tangle sum of alternating tangles yielding a splittable link.

Toptop



講 演 者: 森内 博正 (大阪市立大学数学研究所(OCAMI))
タ イ ト ル: An enumeration of non-prime theta-curves and handcuff graphs

We have enumerated all the prime theta-curves and handcuff graphs with up to seven crossings by using algebraic tangles and prime basic theta-polyhedra.  Here, a theta-polyhedron is a connected graph embedded in a 2-sphere, whose two vertices are 3-valent, and the rest are 4-valent. We can obtain theta-curve and handcuff graph diagrams from theta-polyhedra by substituting algebraic tan gles for their 4-valent vertices. We can composite many spatial graphs by using ``connected sum'' of them. However, for spatial graphs, ``connected sum'' is not unique. Therefore we improve theta-polyhedra to enumerate non-prime theta-curves and handcuff graphs. In this talk, we enumerate non-prime theta-curves and handcuff graphs.

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講 演 者: 下川航也 (埼玉大学)
タ イ ト ル: Site-specific recombination of DNA and Dehn surgery

The action of site-specific recombinases can be analyzed using the tangle method, where the action is characterized topologically by solving the corresponding tangle equations. In this talk, we will show how results on Dehn surgery on knots can be applied to this study and discuss recent progresses.

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講 演 者: Andrei Pajitnov (Univ. de Nantes)
タ イ ト ル: On the Morse-Novikov number and the tunnel number of knots

Let K be a knot in the three-sphere. The Morse-Novikov number MN(K) of K is the minimal number of critical points of a regular circle-valued Morse function defined on the complement of K. We prove that MN(K) is less than or equal to twice the tunnel number of the knot and present consequences of this result.

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講 演 者: 井上 歩 (東京工業大学)
タ イ ト ル: Quandle and hyperbolic volume

In this talk, we will show that the hyperbolic volume of a hyperbolic knot is a quandle cocycle invariant. Further we will show that it completely determines invertibility and positive/negative amphicheirality of hyperbolic knots.

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講 演 者: 川村 友美 (名古屋大学大学院多元数理科学研究科)
タ イ ト ル: An estimate of the Rasmussen invariant for links

Improving the slice-Bennequin inequality shown by Rudolph, we estimate some knot or link invariants, especially the knot invariant defined by Ozsvath and Szabo and the Rasmussen invariant for links introduced by Beliakova and Wehrli.

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講 演 者: 中村拓司 (大阪電気通信大学)
タ イ ト ル: Local moves and Periodic knots

For each local move $T$, we can define the $T$-gordian distance for two knots. Our motivation is to research a relationship between the periodicity of knots and $T$-gordian distance. In this talk, we pay attention to $C_n$-move as $T$. In fact we show that for any $p$ and any $n(>2)$ there exists a periodic knot of period $p$ whose $C_n$-gordian distance to the trivial knot is one.

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講 演 者: 佐藤 進 (神戸大学)
タ イ ト ル: Triviality of 2-knot with three sheets

The sheet number of a $2$-knot is a quantity analogous to the crossing number of a $1$-knot. It is known that the sheet number is equal to one if and only if the $2$-knot is trivial and that there is no $2$- knot of sheet number two. We prove that there is no $2$-knot of sheet number three. Therefore, the sheet number of any non-trivial $2$-knot is at least four. It is an open problem whether there is a $2$-knot of sheet number four other than the spun trefoil and the $2$-twist-spun trefoil.

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講 演 者: 金信 泰造 (大阪市立大学)
タ イ ト ル: H(2)-unknotting number of a knot

This is a joint work with Yasuyuki Miyazawa.
An $H(2)$-move is a local move of a knot which is performed by adding a half-twisted band. It is known an $H(2)$-move is an unknotting operation. We define the $H(2)$-{\it unknotting number} of a knot $K$ to be the minimum number of $H(2)$-moves needed to transform $K$ into a trivial knot. We give several methods to estimate the $H(2)$-unknotting number of a knot.

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講 演 者: 大城佳奈子 (広島大学 日本学術振興会特別研究員(DC1))
タ イ ト ル: Estimate of minimal triple point numbers of surface-links by symmetric quandle cocycles

It is known that minimal triple point numbers of orientable surface-links are estimated by quandle cocycle invariants. In this talk, we introduce symmetric quandle cocycle invariants. By the invariants, we can estimate minimal triple point numbers of non-orientable surface-links.

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講 演 者: 市原一裕 (奈良教育大学)
タ イ ト ル: Seifert fibered surgeries on Montesinos knots
(based on joint works with In Dae Jong and Shigeru Mizushima)

In this talk, Dehn surgeries on hyperbolic Montesinos knots yielding Seifert fibered spaces will be discussed. Actually we will consider the following cases;
1) the resultant manifolds have finite fundamental groups,
2) the knots are alternating.
We will give a complete classification of such surgeries in the case (1), and find certain restrictions on the knots and surgeries in the case (2).

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講 演 者: 福本善洋 (鳥取環境大学)
タ イ ト ル: Brieskornホモロジー球面の幾つかの無限族に対するBounding genusについて

Bounding genusは1982年に松本幸夫氏によって導入された3次元ホモロジー球面のホモロジー同境不変量で,ホモロジー球面の間のある種の距離を定義する. 松本氏はDehn-Kirby算法を駆使することにより,ホモロジー球面のある無限族に対して上からの評価を与え,11/8-予想を定式化した.
 本講演では,松本氏によって与えられたリストにおける幾つかのBrieskornホモロジー球面の無限族に対してそのbounding genusの値を決定する.実際,古田氏による10/8-不等式のV-多様体版を用いることにより,bounding genus の下からの評価を符合数欠損型不変量(w-不変量)によって与え,松本氏の評価とあわせることによりbounging genusを決定することができる.また,レフェリーのコメントのおかげで,w-不変量とNeumann-Siebenmann不変量との等価性を用いることで,無限族に対するbounding genusを決定することができた. また,時間が許せば,第一Bette数が正の場合の古田-亀谷 10/8-不等式のV-多様体版を用いた,3次元多様体の同境圏におけるbounding genusの一般化の可能性についてもお話ししたい.

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講 演 者: 山本 亮介 (大阪市立大学数学研究所)
タ イ ト ル: An invariant of fibered knots from the third Johnson-Morita
homomorphism of mapping class group

We introduce a new calculation of Alexander-Conway polynomial of fibered knots in a closed orientable 3-manifold, and we will discuss to build an invariant of fibered knots by using this calculation with the third Johnson-Morita homomorphism of mapping class group.

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講 演 者: 門上晃久 (大連理工大学)
タ イ ト ル: Twisted Alexander invariants of groups

The purpose of this talk is to point out that (1) representations into matrix groups are not needed only to define twisted Alexander invariants, and that (2) representing into matrix groups is an effective method to obtain polynomial or function invariants from twisted Alexander matrices.

We notice that (1) and (2) are not contradictory statements.

Let $G$ be a group, and $N$ a normal subgroup of $G$.
To show (1), we define the twisted Alexander module and matrix, which we call twisted Alexander invariants, related with a pair $(N, G)$ without using representations.

Since to obtain the determinant of a matrix with its entries in a non-commutative group ring is very hard (it cannot be done usually without using K-theory), representing the group into matrix groups is effective to obtain the ``determinant".
This implies (2).

We suggest to reexamine the usual definition of twisted Alexander invariants from this point of view.

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講 演 者: 河内 明夫 (大阪市立大学)
タ イ ト ル: The warping degree and the unknotting number of a spatial graph

In a research of a protein, a molecule, or a polymer, it is important to understand a spatial graph with vertices of degree one such as a knotted arc geometrically and topologically. In this talk, we introduce a geometric invariant of every connected spatial graph which we call the warping degree. The warping degree is meaningful even for a knotted arc. For every connected spatial graph without vertices of degree one, this invariant is used to define two kinds of topological invariants of the graph. One invariant is the minimal warping degree for the isotopy class of the graph and the other invariant is a natural generalization of the unknotting number of a knot, which coincides with the usual unknotting number for every spatial plane graph. We call this invariant the unknotting number of a spatial graph. This unknotting number is generalized to every connected spatial graph. A generalization of the invariants to a disconnected spatial graph is also easily attained.

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講 演 者: 田中利史 (大阪市立大学数学研究所(OCAMI))
タ イ ト ル: Signed Gordian distance and Jones polynomials

Recently, Y. Nakanishi, T. Hasegawa and S. Yamada have investigated the Gordian distance $d$ between two knots with low crossing number using Alexander matrices, signatures and a result of H. Murakami concerning the Gordian distance between a knot and a two-bridge knot. Then Nakanishi has given a problem to detect $d(5_{2},6_{1})$, $d(5_{2},6_{1}^{*})$, $d(5_{2},6_{2})$, $d(6_{1},6_{2}^{*})$ and $d(6_{1},6_{3})$.
In this talk, first we define the signed Gordian distance and show that both $d(5_{2},6_{1})$ and $d(6_{1},6_{2}^{*})$ are two by using signatures and Jones polynomials.
We also introduce a lower bound for the Gordian distance in terms of the Q-polynomial. Finally, we show a list of results of computations for the Gordian distance for knots with crossing number less than or equal to eight.

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講 演 者: 丹下 基生 (京都大学数理解析研究所)
タ イ ト ル: The alternating condition by Ozsvath and Szabo, and the wave theorem
by Homma, Ochiai, and Takahashi

Ozsvath-Szabo proved that knots yielding lens spaces satisfy an alternating condition of the Alexander polynomials.
On the other hand, Homma, Ochiai and Takahashi proved the wave theorem for genus 2 Heegaard decomposition of $S3$.
The speaker will talk about a relation between the alternating codition and the wave theorem.

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講 演 者: 安井弘一 (大阪大学大学院理学研究科)
タ イ ト ル: Elliptic surfaces without 1-handles

Harer-Kas-Kirby conjectured that the elliptic surface $E(1)_{2,3}$ requires a 1-handle. The speaker previously constructed a 4-manifold which has the same Seiberg-Witten invariant as $E(1)_{2,3}$ and has neither 1- nor 3-handles. Recently Akbulut proved that $E(1)_{2,3}$ admits neither 1- nor 3-handles. In this talk, we prove that the elliptic surface $E(n)_{p,q}$ ((p,q)=(2,3),(2,5),(3,4)) has no 1-handles. Our method is different from Akbulut.

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講 演 者: 岸本健吾 (大阪市立大学大学院理学研究科)
タ イ ト ル: The dealternating number and the alternation number of a closed 3-braid
(joint work with Tetsuya Abe (Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University))

This is a joint work with T. Abe.
We give an upper bound for the dealternating number of a closed 3-braid. As an application, we determine the dealternating numbers and the alternation numbers of some closed positive 3-braid knots. We also show that there exist infinitely many positive knots with any dealternating number (or any alternation number) and any braid index.

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講 演 者: 田中 心 (東京学芸大学)
タ イ ト ル: A categorification of the one-variable Kamada-Miyazawa polynomial
(joint work with Atsushi ISHII (RIMS, Kyoto University))

Khovanov homology is a homology theory for classical links whose graded Euler characteristic is the Jones polynomial. If we want to extend Khovanov homology to virtual links, Khovanov's construction does not immediately work and the main difficulty arising is the existence of M\"{o}bius cobordisms (bifurcations of type $1 \rightarrow 1$).
In this talk, we construct an extension of Khovanov homology to virtual links by taking suitable grading shifts and assigning one of two non-zero maps to each of the M\"{o}bius cobordisms. Our homology theory is a categorification of a one-variable specialization of the Kamada-Miyazawa polynomial..

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講 演 者: Daniel Moskovich (大阪市立大学数学研究所(OCAMI))
タ イ ト ル: Towards surgery presentations of metabelian coloured knots and their covering links

A knot $K$ and a representation $\rho$ from its knot group onto a finite permutation group $G$ together define a 3-manifold $M_{(K,\rho)}$ via the covering space construction. A surgery presentation for $M_{(K,\rho)}$ would in principle allow us to examine invariants of $M_{(K,\rho)}$ and of $(K,\rho)$ which are constructed via surgery, such as analogues to the Alexander polynomial and Casson invariant. We address the problem of finding surgery presentations for $M_{(K,\rho)}$ when $G$ is a metabelian group which is the semidirect product of a cyclic group with a finite number of copies of the cyclic group $Z_p$ for some prime $p$, through an approach based on a choice of band projection of $K$. This approach is effective when $G=D_{2p}=Z_2\times Z_p$ and when $G=A_4=Z_3\times (Z_2 \times Z_2)$. This is work in progress, joint with Andrew Kricker.

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講 演 者: 鄭 仁大 (大阪市立大学大学院理学研究科)
タ イ ト ル: On a characterization of the Alexander polynomials of alternating knots of genus two

We give a family of linear inequalities on the coefficients of the Alexander polynomials of alternating knots of genus two. The family gives one of the best estimations of them. We also give such families for positive knots of genus two, and for homogeneous knots of genus two. One of the problems we are interested in is a characterization of the Alexander polynomial of an alternating knot. As an approach to this problem, we detect whether each of the Alexander polynomials $\Delta(t)=\sum_{i=0}^{4}a_it^i$ with $|a_0| \leq 10$ is realized as that of an alternating knot.

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講 演 者: 安部哲哉 (大阪市立大学大学院理学研究科)
タ イ ト ル: On the Turaev genus

This is a joint work with K.~Kishimoto. In 2006, Dasbach et.al. introduced the Turaev genus of a link, which measures how far it is from alternating links. In this talk, we show the Turaev genus is bounded above by the dealternating number. As an application, we show non-alternating knots of eleven or fewer crossings except two knots have Turaev genus one.

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講 演 者: Tamas Kalman (東京大学大学院数理科学研究科)
タ イ ト ル: The problem of maximum Thurston-Bennequin number for knots

Legendrian submanifolds of contact 3-manifolds are one-dimensional, just like knots. This ``coincidence'' gives rise to an interesting and expanding intersection of contact and symplectic geometry on the one hand and classical knot theory on the other. As an illustration, we will survey recent results on maximizing the Thurston--Bennequin number (which is a measure of the twisting of the contact structure along a Legendrian) within a smooth knot type. In particular, we will indicate how Kauffman's state circles can be used to solve the maximization problem for so-called +adequate (among them, alternating and positive) knots and links.

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講 演 者: 門上晃久 (大連理工大学)
タ イ ト ル: Numerical invariants from knot groups
(joint work with Ruifeng Qiu (Dalian University of Technology)
and Zhiqing Yang (Dalian University of Technology))

In 2006, Jiming Ma and Ruifeng Qiu defined a numerical invariant for a knot in S^3.(Chin.Ann. Math. 27)
Let K be a knot in S^3, G the group of K, and G' the commutator subgroup of G.
An invariant, denoted by a(K), is the minimal number of elements which generate G' normally in G.
They showed the following results:

Theorem [Ma-Qiu]
(1) m(K) \le a(K) \le u(K),
(2) max{a(K_1), a(K_2)} \le a(K_1#K_2) \le a(K_1)+a(K_2), where m(K) is the Nakanishi index of K, u(K) is the unknotting number of K, and K_1# K_2 is the connected sum of knots K_1 and K_2.

We showed the following:

Main Theorem a(K) \le r(K)-1, where r(K) is the rank of K.

By combining with known results, we have:

Corollary m(K) \le a(K) \le min{u(K), t(K)}, where t(K) is the tunnel number of K.

We remark that a(K) \ge 1 for a non-trivial knot K.
We would like to use the invariant a(K) for additivity problems of u(K) and t(K) as a lower bound.

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講 演 者: 田山育男 (大阪市立大学数学研究所(OCAMI))
タ イ ト ル: A complete classification of 3-manifolds with lengths up to 9 by a canonical order

This is a joint work with A. Kawauchi. A well-order was introduced on the set of links by A. Kawauchi. This well-order also naturally induces a well-order on the set of prime link exteriors and eventually induces a well-order on the set of closed connected orientable 3-manifolds. With respect to this order, we enumerated the prime links with lengths up to 10 and the prime link exteriors with lengths up to 9. In this talk, we show a complete list of 3-manifolds with lengths up to 9 by using the enumeration of the prime link exteriors.

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講 演 者: 佐久間 一浩 (近畿大学理工学部)
タ イ ト ル: A question on the special values of Alexander polynomials
which detect the smooth structure on spheres

J. Levine proved that the Kervaire invariant of a (4m+1)- dimensional homotopy sphere was completely determined by the special value of the Alexander polynomial. This can be reformulated by using the Legendre (Jacobi) symbol based on the quadratic residue laws due to Gauss. Here is a question; ``What is the algebraic essence of this fact from number theoretical viewpoint?''

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講 演 者: 岩切雅英 (大阪市立大学数学研究所(OCAMI))
タ イ ト ル: Calculation of quandle cocycle invariants of Suzuki's $\theta_n$-curves

In joint work with A. Ishii, we define quandle colorings and quandle cocycle invariants for handlebody-links and spatial graphs. In this talk, we introduce the invariants shortly, and calculate them for Suzuki's $\theta$_n-curves.

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講 演 者: 田中利史 (大阪市立大学数学研究所(OCAMI))
タ イ ト ル: The quasipositivation number of a knot

All quasipositive links can be realized as transverse intersections of complex plane curves with the standard sphere, and the converse is also known to be true if defining polynomials are non-constant. In this talk we study the Gordian distance from a knot to the set of quasipositive knots that we call the quasipositivation number. In general, it is not easy to detect even quasipositivity. We estimate the number by using the Rasmussen invariant.

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最終更新日: 2009年2月9日
(C)大阪市大数学教室